You may have heard that skin cancer is the most common type of cancer, but did you know that sun damage can affect people of all ages, races and colorings – not just those with light skin and light eyes? While people with darker skin tan more easily, tanning still is a form of skin damage, according to the American Cancer Society. The phrase "healthy tan" is actually a myth. The American Cancer Society also notes that melanoma is almost always curable when detected in its early stages. It is not only very important to protect yourself from sun exposure, but to conduct monthly self exams and show any suspicious findings to your family physician or dermatologist.
What Does Melanoma Look Like?
The "ABCD rule" is an easy guide to follow when looking for the usual signs of melanoma. Be on the lookout and tell your doctor about any spots that match the following description:
-A is for ASYMMETRY: One half of a mole or birthmark does not match the other.
-B is for BORDER: The edges are irregular, ragged, notched, or blurred.
-C is for COLOR: The color is not the same all over and may include shades of brown or black, or sometimes with patches of pink, red, white, or blue.
-D is for DIAMETER: The spot is larger than 6 millimeters across (about ¼ inch -- the size of a pencil eraser), although melanomas can sometimes be smaller than this.
How Can I Lower My Risk For Skin Cancer?
The American Cancer Society provides the following sun safety tips to help prevent melanoma and other skin cancers:
- Avoid unprotected exposure when the sun is at its strongest (from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.). UV rays pass through clouds and water, so don’t assume you’re safe if it’s not sunny or you’re feeling comfortable in the cool water.
- Check the UV Index for your area before planning a day outside. This number between 1 and 10 is a measure of the amount of radiation reaching the Earth’s surface. The higher the number, the greater the exposure. You can find the UV Index by clicking here and entering your ZIP code.
- Wear UV-blocking sunglasses. Ideally, glasses should have 99 percent to 100 percent UV absorption. Darker lenses are not necessarily better because the protection comes from an invisible chemical applied to the lenses. Look for an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) label.
- Use sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher that protects against UVA and UVB radiation. Apply generously and properly – 30 minutes before sun exposure. For most sunscreens, reapply every two hours or immediately after swimming, toweling dry or perspiring. Guard against loss of your sunscreen’s effectiveness from heat by keeping it in your cooler.
- Stay in the shade as much as possible or cover up with protective clothing. Dark colors provide better protection than light colors. Choose tightly woven fabric and select a hat with a broad brim to protect your neck, ears, eyes, forehead, nose and scalp.
Regular skin examinations are key. This includes monthly self exams as well as an annual skin examination by a health care practitioner to identify any changes in your skin or the development of anything new.
The SHADE Foundation of America emphasizes the importance of learning sun safety early. To encourage parents to teach their kids about sun protection, the Foundation has created the SHADE acronym:
- Sunglasses. Always wear sunglasses with UV ray protection.
- Hats. Always wear a wide brim hat made from a close weave fabric.
- Always wear protective clothing, long-sleeved shirts and pants.
- During the peak sun hours of 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., reduce exposure to the sun; stay in the shade.
- Every 90 minutes, reapply sun block with at least an SPF of 15.
Source:
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute
American Cancer Society
SHADE Foundation of America
United States Environmental Protection Agency